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''Viva'', ''vive'', and ''vivat'' are interjections used in the Romance languages. ''Viva'' in Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian, ''Vive'' in French, and ''Vivat'' in Latin and Romanian are subjunctive forms of the verb "to live". Being the third-person, subjunctive present conjugation, the terms express a hope on the part of the speaker that another should live. Thus, they mean "(may) he/she/it live!" (the word "may" is implied by the subjunctive mood) and are usually translated to English as "long live". They are often used to salute a person or non-personal entity: "Vive le Québec libre" (from Charles de Gaulle's Vive le Québec libre speech in Montreal), or "Viva il Duce!", the rough equivalent in Fascist Italy of the greeting, "Heil Hitler." Additionally, in monarchical times the king of France would be wished "Vive le Roi!" and the king of Italy "Viva il Re!", both meaning "May the king live!" or "Long live the king!". ==Overview== The acclamation "''Vivat!''" is still used in British coronations when the sovereign is hailed while processing from the quire of Westminster Abbey towards the altar. The shouts are delivered by the King or Queen's Scholars of Westminster School, who by tradition are the first to acclaim the sovereign at the ceremony. When Queen Elizabeth II was crowned in 1953, she was greeted with shouts of "''Vivat, Regina/Vivat Regina Elizabetha/Vivat! Vivat! Vivat!''", which was incorporated into Hubert Parry's anthem, ''I was glad''. The mediaeval university Latin anthem ''De Brevitate Vitae'' has verses like: :''Vivat academia!'' :''Vivant professores!'' :''Vivat academia!'' :''Vivant professores!'' :''Vivat membrum quodlibet'' :''Vivant membra quaelibet'' :''Semper sint in flore.'' In Spanish, for plural subjects, it becomes ''vivan''. Compare ''¡Viva el rey!'' with ''¡Vivan los reyes!''. The Mexican slogan "''¡Viva Zapata!''" was used to title the 1952 English-language biographical drama film ''Viva Zapata!'' by Elia Kazan, about Emiliano Zapata. It later inspired the title of 2005 Italian-language documentary film ''Viva Zapatero!'', by Sabina Guzzanti, referring to José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. In Italy, the nationalist phrase ''"Viva Vittorio Emanuele Re d'Italia!"'' ("Long live Victor Emmanuel king of Italy") was hidden from the Austrian enemy by its acronym ''Viva VERDI!'', that passed for a praise of the music of Giuseppe Verdi. In Italian graffiti, ''viva'' is often abbreviated as ''W'', a letter otherwise foreign to Italian. The opposite concept ''abbasso'' ("Down with") is abbreviated with a reversed ''W''. In the Philippines, (a former Spanish colony), the usage of ''¡Viva!'' has declined in the 20th century, having been replaced by the Filipino term ''Mabuhay'' and its cognates in various Philippine languages. Today, the expression is largely found in religious contexts (specifically, Filipino Catholicism), where it is said in fiestas to honour a manifestation of God or a patron saint (e.g. "''¡Viva, Señor Santo Niño!''", "''¡Viva la Virgen de Peñafrancia!''"). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vive, viva, and vivat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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